http://econbrowser.com/archives/2015/11/commodity-prices-and-exchange-rates
17. TASAS DE INTERES Peru
16. tipo de cambio sol/dolar-consulta del dia
V. SECCION: M. PRIMAS
1. SECCION:materias primas en linea:precios
METALES A 30 DIAS click sobre la imagen
(click sur l´image)
2. PRECIOS MATERIAS PRIMAS
9. prix du petrole
10. PRIX essence
petrole on line
9 dic 2015
commodities and exchange rates
Etiquetas: 2015, AL, commodities, CRISIS, dec15, MACROECONOMICS, PERU, PPT_CRISIS, TCAMBIO
31 dic 2013
4 dic 2012
Las economías de América Latina marchan a dos velocidades distintas .
15 ago 2011
AmericaSur: Una agenda para la desconexión
AmericaSur
Una agenda para la desconexión
Raúl Zibechi18 ene 2011
GERARD DESTANNE DE BERNIS in memoriam, WILKIPEDIA
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Destanne_de_Bernis#Affiliation_th.C3.A9orique
Un resume de la vie de Gerard Destanne De Bernis, in memoriam
Etiquetas: 2011, AL, ASIA, bernis, CHINA, CRECIMIENTO, ECONOMIA, EN11, FRANCE, GAS, INDUSTRIAL, JAPON, MACROECONOMICS, TECNOLOGIA
DE BERNIS IN MEMORIAM: THEOTONIO DOS SANTOS
http://theotoniodossantos.blogspot.com/
Gerard De Bernis in memoriam, par Theotonio Dos Santos
Etiquetas: 2011, AL, bernis, BRASIL, CRECIMIENTO, ECONOMIA, EN11, FRANCE, MACROECONOMICS, TECNOLOGIA
23 oct 2010
Macroperu Bruno Seminario Sobre la Crisis del 2009
Etiquetas: 2010, AL, CRISIS, ECONOMIA, FINANZAS, INTERNACIONAL, PERU, PRODUCCION, PRODUCTIVIDAD
18 sept 2010
30 ago 2010
30 jul 2009
FMI; aumentara recursos para PED
FMI planea un fuerte incremento de préstamos a países en desarrollo
11:25 | Se desembolsará fondos por US$17.000 mlls hasta 2014. El promedio de los préstamos concedidos entre 2006 y 2008 fue de US$1.000 mlls
Washington (DPA). El Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) planea un fuerte incremento de los créditos otorgados a los países en vías de desarrollo que están siendo más golpeados por la actual crisis financiera y económica mundial, informó hoy el organismo.
El FMI señaló que desembolsará fondos por 17.000 millones de dólares hasta 2014. En comparación, el promedio de los préstamos concedidos a países subdesarrollados entre 2006 y 2008 fue de 1.000 millones de dólares.
Gran parte de los fondos están destinados al África subsahariana. El plan del FMI prevé asimismo que unos 60 países endeudados con la entidad puedan aplazar el pago de sus cuotas hasta finales de 2011.
Se trata de un “incremento sin precendentes del apoyo del FMI para los países más pobres en África subsahariana y en el resto del mundo”, dijo al respecto el presidente del organismo, Dominique Strauss-Kahn.
El FMI ha incrementado con fuerza sus préstamos debido a los devastadores efectos de la crisis económica, que ha dejado a varios Estados con serios problemas presupuestarios.
Los líderes de los 20 principales países industrializados y emergentes del mundo (G20) prometieron durante una cumbre en abril incrementar las reservas de capital del FMI en unos 500.000 millones de dólares.
25 may 2009
PERU:CRISIS DE LA ALPACA
Ver:
http://gestion.pe/noticia/290561/alpaqueros-huancavelica-tendran-facilidades-acceder-creditos-agrobanco
Para mas informacion ver nuestro reporte sobre el circuito productivo de la alpaca en huancavelica en slideshare, pulsando el boton
11 may 2009
chile: Enríquez-Ominami sorpresa
Encuesta Imaginaccion: Enríquez-Ominami obtiene 10,5% en primera vuelta
Además, se mantiene el empate técnico en segunda vuelta entre Eduardo Frei y Sebastián Piñera, ambos con un 44,3% y 44,7% respectivamente.
Enríquez-Ominami subió mas 8 puntos respecto a la medición de abril, donde obtuvo el 1,9.
Foto: Alejandro Balart, La Segunda
SANTIAGO.- El candidato presidencial y diputado PS, Marco Enríquez-Ominami, alcanzaría un 10,5% de preferencias de los electores, en una primera vuelta, según la encuesta dada a conocer hoy por Imaginaccion Consultores, propiedad del ex ministro Enrique Correa.
En la medición de abril, el parlamentario "díscolo" sólo consiguió un 1,9% ante la pregunta abierta ¿quién le gustaría que fuese el próximo Presidente(a) de la República?, aunque esta vez la consulta se limitó a los candidatos Adolfo Zaldivar, Sebastián Piñera, Alejandro Navarro, Eduardo Frei.
Los resultados de la consulta, realizada entre el 4 y el 26 de abril, indican que en el mismo escenario, el candidato presidencial de la Coalición por el Cambio, Sebastián Piñera, obtendría un 38,3% de las preferencias, mientras que el abanderado de la Concertación, Eduardo Frei, alcanzaría un 32,4.
Asimismo, la encuesta mantiene la tendencia mostrada en los resultados de abril respecto al empate técnico en segunda vuelta, entre los candidatos Eduardo Frei y Sebastián Piñera, ambos con un 44,3% y 44,7% respectivamente.
En tanto, el apoyo a la Presidenta Bachelet se mantiene en un 62,2% de las preferencias sobre su gestión al mando del país, mientras que el Gobierno también mantuvo su nivel de aprobación en comparación a la última medición, alcanzando el 52% de las preferencias.
18 mar 2009
Macroperu Migrant Workers Sending Less Money to Latin America
Migrant Workers Sending Less Money to Latin America
By MIRIAM JORDAN
Funds sent by overseas workers back to Latin America and the Caribbean are expected to drop steeply in 2009, shrinking a crucial source of cash for many families in the region.
Remittances to the region began to slow in 2008 after a decade of growth, according to the Inter-American Development Bank, as countries such as the U.S., Spain and Japan, slid into recession.
This year, remittances to the region are likely to decline for the first time since the bank began tracking annual flows in 2000, according to a new study by the Washington-based multilateral institution.
Migrant workers -- the lifeline for millions of families in Latin American and the Caribbean -- sent home a record $69.2 billion last year, nearly 1% more than in 2007.
For countries that have reported data for January, totals were down significantly.
Mexico, which receives the lion's share of U.S. remittances, experienced a 12% drop compared to January 2008. In the same month, Colombia suffered a 16% drop, while Brazil saw a 14% decline. Guatemala and El Salvador each experienced an 8% decline.
"While it is too early to project by how much remittances may decline in 2009, this is bad news for millions of people in our region who depend on these flows to make ends meet," said IDB President Luis Alberto Moreno.
Economic pain in Europe and Japan is also likely to echo in Latin America. Brazil and Peru boast significant populations in Japan. Europe attracts many migrants from Andean countries.
U.S.-based migrant workers who send money home -- many of them undocumented immigrants who entered the country illegally -- have been under pressure for some time. The gradual economic slowdown, negative immigration environment and mortgage meltdown have all taken a toll on workers.
Despite the challenging economic climate, remittance flows recently kept growing, even if at steadily declining rates. All told, they rose by 6% in 2007 over the previous year and remained steady throughout the first half of 2008. Remittances began to show the impact of the recession on migrant workers' earnings in late 2008. Following a flat third quarter, in the fourth quarter the money they sent home declined by 2% relative to the same quarter in 2007.
A significant proportion of money that workers send home is used for daily necessities, prompting concerns that a decline will put more pressure on social safety networks and result in less investment on items that help lift people out of poverty.
When remittances shrivel, "families will spend less on health care and education, because providing food, clothing and shelter come first," says Robert Meins, a remittances specialist at the IDB.
Remittances are the top foreign-exchange earner for Guatemala, at $4.3 billion in 2008, ahead of coffee, sugar and other exports. Some 1.35 million Guatemalan citizens -- 10% of the country's population -- live in the U.S. Some 3.5 million people still living in Guatemala depend on these remittances , according to the Central American Institute of Social and Development Studies, an independent think tank in Guatemala.
The appreciation of the U.S. dollar in late 2008 provided some respite for families dependent on remittances, particularly in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia. Remittances from the U.S. to those countries increased the purchasing power for recipients, offsetting at least in part the decline in volume.
Countries in the Andean region that receive money from Spain benefited from the strong euro during the first half of 2008 but since then have been hurt by declines in the European currency.
Ecuador has been hit hardest, according to the IDB, because it boasts both a dollarized economy and a large population in Spain, which has been buffeted by unemployment and the depreciating euro. Remittances to Ecuador, which receives 45% of its flow from Spain, were down 22% in the fourth quarter of 2008.
The economic crisis has especially hurt industries that employ low-skilled foreign workers world-wide, particularly construction, manufacturing, hotels and restaurants.
Despite the discouraging economic picture, the IDB said it saw "scant evidence" that migrants are prepared to return en masse to their countries of origin. In Spain, where there are some five million foreign workers, a government plan to pay welfare benefits in a lump sum to those who return home has enticed few takers.
"Migrants have proven that they adapt to tough conditions," said Mr. Moreno. "They change jobs, work longer hours, cut back on spending, move to another city and even dip into savings in order to continue sending money to their families," Mr. Moreno said. "Going home is usually a last resort."
Write to Miriam Jordan at miriam.jordan@wsj.com
24 nov 2008
APEC:NOTICIAS VARIAS
APEC fortalecerá instituciones financieras para superar la crisis
En la declaración final leída por el Presidente peruano, Alan García, los líderes de la región del Asia-Pacífico acordaron hacer todos los esfuerzos para "evitar la recesión mundial", estrategia que incluye el compromiso de no imponer medidas proteccionistas por 12 meses, tal como lo planteara el G-20.
Domingo 23 de Noviembre de 2008 El Mercurio de Chile
15:22
Agencias
LIMA.- Los miembros del Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia-Pacífico (APEC) se comprometieron a superar la crisis económica mundial, con medidas que fortalezcan las instituciones financieras, dijo este domingo el Presidente peruano, Alan García.
"Vamos a evitar la recesión que amenaza al mundo impulsando cada uno de nosotros el gasto fiscal de manera contracíclica en la infraestructura, en la ayuda social y el apoyo de los servicios básicos de la población", dijo García.
"Vamos a ganar la crisis unidos y los pueblos, los gobiernos y las empresas del mundo vamos a recapitalizar y fortalecer las instituciones financieras", añadió el Mandatario anfitrión de la cumbre efectuada este fin de semana en Lima.
García detalló que la idea es evaluar la posibilidad de crear una red de reaseguros financieros y modificar la composición del Banco Mundial (BM) y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI). "Nuestra obligación es transmitir confianza, es transmitir fe", recalcó el Presidente, flanqueado por los otros 20 líderes del bloque, que genera la mitad del producto y las exportaciones planetarias.
En la declaración final, leída por García, los gobernantes acordaron hacer todos los esfuerzos para "evitar la recesión mundial", estrategia que incluye el compromiso de no imponer medidas proteccionistas por 12 meses, tal como lo planteara ya el G-20 en su reunión de Washington.
En el texto, los integrantes del bloque del Asia-Pacífico afirmaron también su compromiso con la futura creación de un área de libre comercio en la región, pero advirtieron que se necesita determinar mejor sus pros y sus contras antes de acometer su creación.
La declaración, de siete páginas y un anexo dedicado a la Ronda de Doha, contiene escasas medidas concretas y se estructura en torno a cuatro grandes temas: los desafíos económicos regionales, la dimensión social de la globalización, la seguridad humana y el cambio climático, la seguridad de la energía y un desarrollo limpio.
Además de subrayar su determinación de encarar la crisis económica actual -"uno de los desafíos económicos más serios que se nos ha presentado hasta ahora"- los líderes de la APEC comprometieron su apoyo a una conclusión "pronta, ambiciosa y equilibrada" de las negociaciones de la Agenda de Desarrollo de la Ronda de Doha.
Domingo, 23 de noviembre de 2008 - 22:22 GMT
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APEC: optimista ante crisis financiera
Dan Collyns
BBC, Perú
George W. Bush junto a líderes de Indonesia, Japón y Vietnam
Los líderes creen que la crisis económica será superada durante los próximos 18 meses.
Los líderes reunidos en la cumbre del Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia Pacífico (APEC, por sus siglas en inglés) que se llevó a cabo en Perú, realizaron una declaración final en la que señalan que confían en que la crisis financiera pueda ser superada para el año 2010.
El presidente de Estados Unidos, George W. Bush, utilizó las horas finales para despedirse de algunos de los líderes de otros países con los que ha compartido durante los últimos ocho años.
El mandatario le entregará la Presidencia de EE.UU. a Barack Obama en enero.
Esta fue la última cumbre de alto nivel del presidente Bush y a medida que se acercaba su cierre, el mandatario se despidió de algunos de los líderes de diversas partes del mundo con quienes ha tratado durante los últimos ocho años.
"Hemos coincidido en algunas cosas y discrepado en otras", fueron sus palabras tras lo que se considera fue su última reunión con el presidente de Rusia, Dmitry Medvedev.
Aplausos
El ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Rusia, Sergei Lavrov, le dijo a un periódico peruano que la era de Bush había demostrado que EE.UU. no podía hacer frente solo a los desafíos globales.
Sin embargo, el tono del presidente Bush ha sido cálido. Ha sostenido encuentros cordiales con Japón y China.
Lea:APEC: Bush llama a resistir la tentación
Un discurso que pronunció el sábado en el que advirtió de los peligros del proteccionismo fue interrumpido por aplausos espontáneos, particularmente cuando -probablemente refiriéndose a su legado- Bush indicó que EE.UU. había cuadruplicado su número de acuerdos de Libre Comercio con otros países durante su mandato.
La declaración final de la cumbre del APEC complacerá a Bush, quien ha consistentemente presionado para la apertura de los mercados.
Los 21 líderes del APEC dijeron que creen que la crisis económica será superada durante los próximos 18 meses.
La declaración final señala que se necesitan dar pasos urgentes y extraordinarios para estabilizar los sectores financieros y fortalecer el crecimiento económico.
Esta versión parece ser más sólida que la declaración preliminar divulgada el sábado.
También ordena a ministros a que viajen a Ginebra el próximo mes para buscar una rápida conclusión a la ronda de negociaciones de Doha sobre comercio mundial, que se encuentra en punto muerto.
Aunque se expuso una serie de principios económicos que respaldan la declaración del G-20 hecha la semana pasada, hubo la impresión de que las acciones concretas no se tomarán hasta tanto el presidente electo de EE.UU., Barack Obama, inicie su plan de acción tan pronto asuma el cargo en enero.
Sábado, 22 de noviembre de 2008 - 20:31 GMT
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APEC: Bush llama a resistir la tentación
Redacción BBC Mundo
George W. Bush
Bush criticó al Congreso de EE.UU. por no aprobar los TLC con Colombia, Panamá y Corea del Sur.
El presidente de Estados Unidos, George W. Bush, instó a los líderes del Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia Pacífico (APEC, por sus siglas en inglés) que confíen en "el poder del libre comercio" para resolver la actual crisis financiera.
En la cumbre de la APEC, que tiene lugar en Lima, Perú, el mandatario estadounidense aseguró que el libre comercio puede potenciar el crecimiento económico a largo plazo.
Bush dijo que es "esencial que los gobiernos eviten la tentación de hacer correcciones excesivas mediante la imposición de regulaciones que sofoquen la innovación y estrangulen el crecimiento".
Es esencial que los gobiernos eviten la tentación de hacer correcciones excesivas mediante la imposición de regulaciones que sofoquen la innovación y estrangulen el crecimiento
George W. Bush
"Una de las lecciones perdurables de la Gran Depresión es que el proteccionismo global es la vía hacia la ruina económica global", añadió.
El corresponsal de la BBC en Lima Dan Collins señala que "en un discurso que fue optimista, a pesar de la crisis financiera, Bush insistió en que el principal recurso de cualquier nación es la creatividad de su pueblo".
Lea también: Cumbre APEC: La fiebre de los TLC
Tratados de libre comercio
Bush también criticó al Congreso de Estados Unidos -dominado por los demócratas- por recesar sin haber aprobado los tratados de libre comercio (TLC) con Colombia, Panamá y Corea del Sur.
Los 21 miembros de APEC
Australia, Brunei, Canadá, Chile, China, Corea del Sur, Estados Unidos, Filipinas, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japón, Malasia, México, Nueva Zelanda, Papúa Nueva Guinea, Perú, Rusia, Singapur, Tailandia, Taiwán y Vietnam En lista de espera (para 2010): Colombia, Ecuador y Panamá
Su discurso fue interrumpido por fuertes aplausos cuando elogió al presidente de Colombia, Álvaro Uribe, un aliado cercano de Estados Unidos.
"El Congreso y nuestro gobierno nunca deben darle la espalda a un amigo como Uribe", dijo.
El mandatario añadió que es importante que se concluya con éxito la Ronda de Doha sobre el libre comercio global.
"Sé que dejaré el gobierno dentro de dos meses, pero esta administración se esforzará por establecer las modalidades de manera que Doha se pueda concluir y que enviemos un mensaje de que nos negamos a aceptar el proteccionismo en el siglo XXI", señaló.
Las conversaciones de la Ronda de Doha -un conjunto de negociaciones comerciales que busca establecer un sistema de comercio global más justo- colapsaron en julio de este año tras un desacuerdo entre China, India y EE.UU. sobre los subsidios agrícolas.
Durante las horas finales de la cumbre de la APC, el presidente Bush aprovechó para despedirse de algunos de los líderes mundiales con quienes ha compartido en los últimos ocho años.
Sin embargo, corresponsales indicaron que sus conversaciones con el presidente de Rusia, Dmitry Medvedev, fueron un poco frías.
Posteriormente, el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Rusia, Sergei Lavrov, declaró que la "era Bush" había demostrado que Estados Unidos no puede enfrentar los problemas globales solo.
En la cumbre los líderes hicieron un llamado para evitar el proteccionismo como respuesta a la confusión económica global.
Se espera que los 21 países que integran la APEC se comprometan a terminar un marco para la Ronda de Doha, que ya lleva siete años de negociaciones, antes de fines de diciembre.
Leaders back free trade to ease crisis
PAUL ECKERT AND DANA FORD | LIMA, PERU - Nov 23 2008 06:54 Mail&Guardian SA
Leaders from Asia and the Americas promised on Saturday to push for a global free trade deal and reform international lenders in an effort to keep the world from sliding into a deep recession.
United States President George Bush, Chinese President Hu Jintao, Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso and other members of the 21-nation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group, or Apec, said they would refrain from raising trade barriers over the next 12 months.
They also supported overhauls of the International Monetary Fund, or IMF, and the World Bank at a time when more countries need emergency bailouts to avert economic devastation.
"The current situation highlights the importance of ongoing financial sector reforms in our economies," the leaders said at the mid-point of a two-day summit meeting at a fortified defence compound in Peru's capital, Lima.
On his last scheduled trip abroad before handing over power to president-elect Barack Obama on January 20, Bush joined Apec peers in rejecting protectionism even if economies worsen.
The leaders committed to try to reach a breakthrough in the stalled Doha round of trade talks before the end of this year.
"It's important for us to continue to work together in this time of economic turmoil," Bush said.
Despite calls by all sides for a trade deal, disputes between the United States, the European Union, China, India and other key players have repeatedly wrecked hopes for a breakthrough during the last seven years of negotiations and it is not clear what concessions they are prepared to make now.
The Apec group accounts for more than half of global output and includes countries such as Russia, Indonesia, Australia, Canada and Mexico.
Russian officials said the threat of a major recession had forced Moscow and Washington to cooperate despite their differences, and China's Hu said leaders need to give "adequate attention to the impact of the financial crisis on the developing world and provide necessary support to relevant countries".
Japan was expected to reiterate an offer to give $100-billion to the IMF to prod other countries to chip in funds.
South Korean President Lee Myung-bak said big countries must do more. "There needs to be expanded support from the major economies to emerging economies that have difficulty in procuring foreign currency liquidity," he said.
Before the group met, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Mexican President Felipe Calderon blamed the United States for starting the crisis and called for better banking regulations.
"Our closest neighbour and largest trading partner is the epicentre of the financial earthquake and global slowdown," Harper said in a speech to business leaders.
Calderon said structural problems in the global economy were allowed to fester before spiraling out of control.
"This wasn't caused by developing countries," he said.
Apec members said they strongly supported recommendations that the Group of 20 leading economies made last week in Washington. Nine of Apec's members belong to the G20.
Obama in the wings
In Washington, the G20 agreed to strive for a deal on key farm and manufactured goods trade issues in the Doha round by the end of the year. It also pushed for government spending or tax incentives to spur economies and tougher oversight of the financial industry.
Pascal Lamy, the World Trade Organisation's director general, will chair a meeting of senior trade officials in Geneva on Sunday to assess the chances of reaching a deal.
But even if progress were made in Geneva on nagging disputes, Bush is a "lame duck" president and Obama's stamp would be needed on any final pact.
Myron Brilliant, vice-president for Asia at the US Chamber of Commerce, said advances in Geneva would help to ensure the trade issue did not languish as Obama settles into the White House.
"If it is not seen as having any momentum, it will fall down the list of priorities," he said of the Doha round.
Progress would also send an encouraging signal to markets facing gloomy times. "If they can get the framework done over the next six weeks that would be very significant," Brilliant said. - Reuters
--
APEC:DECLARACION DE LIMA(INGLES)
SIXTEENTH APEC ECONOMIC LEADERS' MEETING
"A NEW COMMITMENT TO ASIA-PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT"
Lima, Peru, 22-23 November 2008
We, the Economic Leaders of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, gathered in Lima, Peru, under the theme: "A New Commitment to Asia-Pacific Development". The theme chosen for APEC 2008 highlights the importance of reducing the gap between developed and developing member economies. We are committed to strengthening the social dimension of globalization and ensuring that all members and all sectors of our economies can access the skills and opportunities to participate in, and benefit from, regional and global trade and investment.
The current global financial crisis is one of the most serious economic challenges we have ever faced. We will act quickly and decisively to address the impending global economic slowdown. We welcomed the monetary and fiscal stimulus provided by APEC member economies and will take all necessary economic and financial measures to resolve this crisis, taking the necessary actions to offer hope to those most in need. Our resolve to address the deteriorating global economic situation, and support a prompt, ambitious and balanced conclusion to the WTO Doha Development Agenda (DDA) negotiations, is outlined in a separate statement issued at this meeting.
REGIONAL ECONOMIC CHALLENGES
Advancing Regional Economic Integration
Last year we agreed to an ambitious long-term agenda to strengthen regional economic integration. We welcomed the 2008 progress report from Ministers and officials on efforts to achieve this goal. We endorsed the 2009 work plan for the APEC Regional Economic Integration (REI) Agenda in order to build upon this year's accomplishments on REI and to accelerate efforts in all areas of this agenda.
Our goal of free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region will be achieved through a series of unilateral reform measures combined with bilateral, regional and multilateral liberalization. We are committed to continuing the implementation of APEC's REI Agenda. In that regard, we:
• welcomed progress made by member economies towards the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region. We reinforced our commitment to achieving the Bogor Goals to promote growth, development and a rapid recovery from the current global slowdown.
• we commended the progress made in examining the prospects and options of a possible Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP) as a long-term prospect. We noted advice from Ministers that while an FTAAP would likely be of economic benefit to the region as a whole, there would also be challenges in its creation. We instructed Ministers and officials to undertake further steps in examining the prospects and options of a possible FTAAP, including by conducting further analytical work on the likely economic impact of an FTAAP, and discussing the possible capacity building requirements for any possible future negotiations. In addition, we instructed officials to undertake initiatives designed to promote greater convergence among economies in key areas of APEC's trade and investment portfolio, including areas such as customs administration, trade facilitation and cross-border services.
• welcomed five new model measures, resulting in a set of 15 completed chapters for Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) and Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) that will promote high-quality RTAs/FTAs and greater consistency and coherence among these agreements in the region.
• endorsed the continued process of implementation of APEC's second Trade Facilitation Action Plan (TFAP II) to achieve our stated goal of reducing trade transaction costs by an additional five percent between 2007 - 2010.
• welcomed the APEC Investment Facilitation Action Plan (IFAP) to improve the investment environment in the region and commended the initiation of the study of bilateral investment agreements and core-investment-related activities of existing free-trade agreements.
• emphasized the importance of strengthening financial markets in the region and welcomed the capacity building activities initiated by APEC Finance Ministers to reform capital markets. We recognized the pressing need for infrastructure development in APEC economies and welcomed the work undertaken by Finance Ministers on linkages between private public partnerships and capital market development. In this regard, we called on Finance Ministers to examine more fully the means to optimize linkages between private infrastructure finance and growth and development.
• reaffirmed our commitment to strengthen the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) in the region, and reiterated the importance of comprehensive and balanced IPR systems that provide for and protect the incentives that encourage creation and innovation. We will continue to promote greater collaboration among our IPR experts and enforcement authorities.
• we welcomed the progress by economies to implement the APEC Anti-Counterfeiting and Piracy Initiative as well as efforts to improve patent systems in the region and look forward to further progress in this area next year.
• welcomed the Digital Prosperity Checklist as an important tool in APEC´s efforts to promote sustained economic growth through the use and development of information and communication technologies.
We welcomed the views and work carried out by the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) on improving the business environment, and called for an active participation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the REI agenda.
We asked Ministers and officials to continue the implementation of the REI Agenda as outlined in the progress report and report back to us in 2009 with a summary of steps taken to promote this agenda.
Noting the increased economic integration in the region, we also discussed Australia´s suggestions on how regional architecture can keep pace with changing circumstances.
Implementing Structural Reform
We agreed that our Leader's Agenda to Implement Structural Reform (LAISR) is a central element of APEC's agenda, integrating the three pillars of trade and investment liberalization, business facilitation, and economic and technical assistance and cooperation. We reiterated the fundamental importance of tackling 'behind-the-border' barriers to trade and investment in the creation of well-performing, resilient and robust economies.
We welcomed the outcomes of the Structural Reform Ministerial Meeting (SRMM), held in Melbourne in August 2008 and noted the endorsement by Ministers of APEC's Good Practice Guide on Regulatory Reform. We recognized the importance of developing a program of practical support for member economies to successfully undertake structural reform. This includes capacity building initiatives in the areas of regulatory reform, corporate governance and other LAISR areas. We encouraged active participation in the voluntary system of peer or self-review of our economies' efforts to implement structural economic reform.
We welcomed publication of the annual APEC Economic Policy Report and the accelerated work plan for Private Sector Development endorsed by Trade Ministers in June.
Improving Food Security in the Asia-Pacific
We are deeply concerned about the impact that volatile global food prices, combined with food shortages in some developing economies, are having on our achievements in reducing poverty and lifting real incomes over the last decade. The poor are especially vulnerable to increases in food prices. We support a fully coordinated response and a comprehensive strategy to tackle this issue through the Comprehensive Framework for Action developed by the United Nations (UN) Task Force on the Global Food Security Crisis. We will support the application and implementation of this Framework within the region, as appropriate.
Individual and collective policy responses to expand food and agricultural supply in the region should strengthen market forces to encourage new investment in agricultural technology and production systems. A prompt, ambitious and balanced conclusion to the WTO DDA negotiations would deliver substantial improvements in market access and reduce market-distorting measures in global agricultural trade.
We commended the work that APEC has undertaken in the area of food and agriculture, and welcome the work plan endorsed by APEC Ministers to refine and strengthen APEC's agenda to meet current and emerging food security challenges. We also recognized the role of ABAC in raising the importance of food and agricultural issues on the APEC agenda.
We directed APEC to increase technical cooperation and capacity building that will help foster agricultural sector growth, including efforts to increase food production; improve agricultural education; enhance natural resource management; promote the development of next generation biofuels made from non-food materials; build well-functioning markets and regulatory institutions; and make food storage, transportation, and distribution systems more efficient. We pledged cooperation to bolster conditions conducive to promoting agricultural research and development. We directed APEC to help member economies develop science-based regulatory frameworks to benefit from the potential of agricultural biotechnology.
ADDRESSING THE SOCIAL DIMENSION OF GLOBALIZATION
Promoting Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the Asia-Pacific
We stressed that globalization based on economic, social and environmental progress can bring sustainable benefits to all APEC economies, their business sectors and their people. CSR can reinforce the positive effects that trade and investment have on growth, competitiveness and sustainable development. We encourage responsible and transparent business conduct that adheres to local legislation and regulations and takes into account guidelines related to CSR that have been developed by multilateral bodies, as appropriate.
We agreed that given increasing expectations amongst global consumers, investors and business partners regarding responsible and sustainable business practices, the voluntary activities that comprise CSR will remain an important aspect of doing business in the 21st century. We recognize that all stakeholders in our communities benefit when governments foster a business environment that encourages voluntary CSR practices. This will create greater value both for businesses and for the societies in which they function.
We welcomed the work that has been undertaken within APEC to promote CSR awareness and capabilities in the region, and future work that will encourage dialogue on CSR among relevant stakeholders including: businesses, governments, employees, communities, consumers, investors, and non-governmental organizations. We recognized ABAC's efforts in promoting CSR awareness and uptake in the region through the dissemination of information regarding CSR principles, practices and benefits.
We encouraged companies to incorporate CSR into their business strategies to take account of social, labour and environmental concerns. The development of CSR in the region will depend on the different domestic economic, social and cultural context of APEC members. We agreed to promote CSR practices in APEC economies on a voluntary basis in business operations of all sizes to complement public policies that foster sustainable development.
Combating Corruption in the Region
Corruption in both the public and private sectors is a serious threat to social and economic development in the region. We recognize that when criminal entities collude with corrupt public and private sector officials, it results in a culture of impunity and financial exploitation of the legitimate economy. We agreed to leverage our collective will to combat corruption and related transnational illicit networks by promoting clean government, supporting public-private partnerships, fostering market integrity, and transparent financial systems. We recognize that the criminalization of corruption can facilitate greater regional cooperation.
In support of our earlier APEC anti-corruption commitments, we commend efforts undertaken by member economies to develop comprehensive anti-corruption strategies. These include efforts to restore the public trust and protect against the abuse of our financial system through financial intelligence and law enforcement cooperation related to corrupt payments and illicit financial flows. These anti-corruption activities through APEC are consistent with the UN Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC), which we encouraged economies to ratify and implement, where applicable. We also supported the revised Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations, where appropriate.
We welcomed the Lima Anti-Corruption Declaration on Financial Market Integrity through Effective Public-Private Partnerships and the APEC Guidelines for Public-Private Action against Corruption.
Strengthening Cooperation and Capacity Building in APEC
APEC's program of Economic and Technical Cooperation (ECOTECH) is essential to achieving our objective of building capacity in a range of sectors in APEC economies. We reaffirmed our commitment to the Manila Framework, which serves as the basis for the implementation of the ECOTECH activities outlined in the Osaka Action Agenda. We welcomed contributions from economies to APEC's capacity building programmes.
We welcomed China's proposal to host the 5th APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting in 2010. Ensuring that all members of our economies receive a quality education is critical to achieving social, individual, economic and sustainable development. It enables people to take advantage of the opportunities created by globalization. We supported the efforts of APEC Education Ministers to strengthen education systems in the region including ongoing support to the APEC Education Network. We welcomed the research-based steps taken by APEC in the areas of mathematics and science; language learning; career and technical education/technical vocational education and training; and information and communication technologies (ICT) and systemic reform. We support the recommendation of Education Ministers to facilitate international exchanges, working towards reciprocal exchanges of talented students, graduates and researchers.
We reaffirmed our commitment to build regional capacity to minimize health-related threats including avian and human influenza pandemics and communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS. We welcomed continuing efforts to ensure economies are well prepared to deal with health threats and to respond to them in a way that minimizes their adverse impacts on human welfare, trade and investment. We reaffirmed our commitment to improve food and product safety standards and practices to facilitate trade and ensure the health and safety of our populations. We endorsed the work of the APEC Food Safety Cooperation Forum's Partnership Training Institute Network and called on Ministers to take additional steps to enhance food and product safety next year.
We are concerned that gender discrimination continues to have a significant impact on our economies. We committed to strengthening the capacity of APEC members to ensure that gender considerations are taken into account in the development of trade and economic policy, and to ensuring that the region's women are better able to participate in and benefit from regional and global trade.
ENHANCING HUMAN SECURITY IN THE REGION
Combating Terrorism and Securing Regional Trade
Enhancing human security and protecting the region's business and trade against natural, accidental or deliberate disruptions remains an enduring priority for APEC, and an essential enabling element in APEC's core trade and investment agenda.
We agreed that international terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery pose a direct threat to our vision of free, open, peaceful and prosperous societies, and reaffirmed our commitment to eliminate these threats. Since 2001, we have worked together with a common understanding that all terrorist acts are criminal and unjustifiable, and must be unequivocally condemned, especially when they target or injure civilians, or use the abhorrent practices of suicide bombing and hostage taking. Terrorism in all forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes, is a profound threat to the peace and security of all people, and of all faiths. Terrorist acts cannot be excused or justified by any alleged cause, conflict, oppression, or poverty.
We agreed that terrorist attempts to abuse or corrupt trade flows, finance, transportation, travel communications and modern technologies will not be tolerated. We pledged our full cooperation to ensure that the flow of people, goods and investments remained secure and open, and that economies and markets operated without disruption. We welcomed the initiative of a group of member economies led by Singapore to undertake a Trade Recovery Programme pilot exercise in 2009. We recognized the important role played by the UN and its Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. We stressed the need for implementation, where applicable, of UN counter-terrorism measures and the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF) Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing. We urged APEC Ministers and officials to continue to help secure the region's economic, trade, investment and financial systems from terrorist attack or abuse and trade-based money laundering. We welcomed the ongoing efforts of the international community to combat piracy and armed robbery at sea and encouraged further concerted efforts to fight against piracy.
Disaster Risk Reduction, Preparedness and Management
The frequency and intensity of natural disasters related to the distortion of climate patterns in the region is increasing and the location of, and growth of, cities and mega-cities in vulnerable areas increases the impact of catastrophic events. Improving risk reduction, disaster preparedness and management in the region is a critical human security issue facing the region. We agreed that the challenges in this area are significant and growing in complexity and required greater international cooperation and coordination with the private sector, international organizations and non-government organizations.
We recognized that there continues to be operational challenges in regional disaster responses and greater coordination is needed as the number of disaster management arrangements and players in the region continues to grow. We agreed that greater focus is needed on disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness and building domestic disaster management capabilities. In this regard, we welcomed the adoption of an APEC Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Preparedness and Response initiated by Peru; the APEC Principles on Disaster Response and Cooperation proposed by China; the Stocktake on Disaster Management Capacity Building Needs; and welcomed the Australia-Indonesia proposal for a Disaster Risk Reduction Facility and its linkages to APEC economies and the APEC Task Force on Emergency Preparedness.
We endorsed the priority APEC has given to promoting risk management, business resilience and public-private sector partnerships, and supported efforts to prepare economies for the recovery phase. We instructed officials to undertake long-term capacity building projects aimed at accelerating recovery in disaster affected areas in APEC economies and supported the inclusion of education on disaster issues in school curricula where appropriate.
CLIMATE CHANGE, ENERGY SECURITY AND CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
Our ability to successfully confront the challenge of climate change will be crucial to the wellbeing of future generations. As a global issue, climate change must be addressed in a comprehensive manner, through international cooperation under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2009. Reducing poverty is likely to become more difficult in those developing economies most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and related natural disasters. We reaffirmed our commitment to the Sydney APEC Leaders' Declaration on Climate Change, Energy Security and Clean Development.
We support decisive and effective long term cooperation now, up to and beyond 2012 to address climate change under the UNFCCC, in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. We welcomed decisions taken by the international community at the UN Climate Change Conference in Bali in 2007 and the efforts to build a consensus on long term cooperative action, including a global emission reduction goal. We also noted the declaration in this regard by the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit held in July this year. We recognize the economic diversity and different domestic circumstances of individual APEC economies in addressing climate change.
We reaffirmed our commitment to the Action Agenda announced as part of the Sydney Declaration. We appreciate and encourage the efforts of individual APEC economies to meet these goals. We also welcomed the establishment of the Asia-Pacific Network for sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation (APFNet) and appreciate China's commitment to further financial support for this initiative. We expressed support for the cooperation and capacity building for climate change mitigation and adaptation, including those that promote the development and deployment of clean technologies. We appreciate Australia, Japan and the United States' financial support for the Climate Investment Funds, particularly the Clean Technology Fund.
We recognized the value of conservation, sustainable forests management and land use practices and enhancement of carbon stocks in forests and agricultural soils for carbon sequestration in the global response to climate change.
Recognizing that climate change could impede economies' abilities to achieve sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty, we strongly support international cooperation and capacity building for mitigation and adaptation as objectives that should be equally pursued, including those that promote low-emissions technology development and transfer to, and financial support for, developing economies. We also call for additional and coordinated efforts to better understand vulnerabilities caused by the impact of climate change on our oceans and their resources to develop more effective adaptation strategies. We endorsed the positive contribution of the Major Economies Leaders' Declaration to the UNFCCC. We committed to concerted action under the UN and complementary processes to reach an equitable and effective post-2012 international climate change arrangement at the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen in December 2009.
Conscious that access to adequate, reliable, clean and affordable energy resources is vital to sustaining economic prosperity in the region, we reaffirmed our commitment to supporting the energy needs of regional economies by promoting open energy markets and free energy trade and investment. Such markets are crucial to the development of renewable sources of energy and the dissemination of low emission energy technologies, including new and alternative energy resources and technologies. We encouraged our officials to promote such developments and urge them to pursue regional energy efficiencies and maximize the potential development of clean energy technology.
Strengthening APEC
APEC is the pre-eminent forum for economic cooperation in the region. We are committed to strengthening APEC's institutional processes to ensure it remains responsive to a rapidly changing global environment. Cooperative action within APEC can contribute to better outcomes on the major international challenges we face. We welcomed advice from APEC Ministers on the successful establishment of a Policy Support Unit in the APEC Secretariat as well as progress on the appointment of an Executive Director of the APEC Secretariat for a fixed term.
We endorsed in full the Joint Statement of Ministers at the 20th APEC Ministerial Meeting.
We welcomed the offer of Indonesia to host APEC in 2013. We welcomed the invitation from the Prime Minister of Singapore to meet again in Singapore in 2009.
Etiquetas: 2008, AL, AMERICALATINA, APEC, ASIA, ECONOMIA, MACROECONOMICS, NOV08
23 nov 2008
VENEZUELA:CRUDO A 40.68
Caracas, 21 nov (EFECOM).- El barril de crudo venezolano cerró esta semana a un precio promedio de 40,68 dólares por barril, una pérdida de 5,67 dólares respecto a la media de venta de la semana anterior (46,35), informó hoy el ministerio de Energía y Petróleo (MEP). Los 40,68 dólares de la media semanal representan menos de la mitad del promedio de 93,90 dólares por barril que acumula el precio de venta en lo que va del año, muy lejos del récord nacional de 132,53 dólares que llegó a comercializarlo el pasado mes de julio. El precio de 93,90 dólares de este año supera, sin embargo, los 64,74 dólares que el MEP reportó como precio promedio de venta de cada barril el año pasado, así como a los 56,45 dólares de 2006 y los 45,39 dólares que promedió el barril (159 litros) en 2005. "La preocupación por la economía global y los indicios de una menor demanda de energía continúan siendo la principal causa en el debilitamiento de los precios petroleros", explicó hoy el MEP en su página web. El presidente venezolano, Hugo Chávez, reconoció esta semana que la caída de los precios del petróleo registrada en medio de la actual crisis financiera internacional "va a afectar" la economía de Venezuela. Por su parte, el titular del MEP, Rafael Ramírez, confirmó que Venezuela propondrá a la Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP), un nuevo recorte de producción, que "podría ser de un millón de barriles", adicional a la reducción de 1,5 millones diarios que el cartel decidió recientemente. El presupuesto fiscal de Venezuela para 2009, que asciende al equivalente a 78.604 millones de dólares, se basa en que el próximo año el barril venezolano se venderá en al menos 60 dólares, lo que permitirá financiar alrededor de la mitad de ese monto, ya que el resto provendrá de la recaudación de impuestos internos. El ministro de Economía y Finanzas, Alí Rodríguez, ha previsto que, sin embargo, los precios del petróleo volverán a subir en el mediano y largo plazo, debido al "carácter estructural de que están cayendo las reservas" mundiales y a que los yacimientos más ricos del planeta "se van desinflando". Venezuela, quinto exportador mundial de crudo, es miembro fundador de la Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP) y actualmente produce unos 3,2 millones de barriles diarios También es uno de los principales abastecedores de petróleo a Estados Unidos, con aproximadamente unos 1,2 millones de barriles diarios, según datos venezolanos. EFECOM afs/mlrEl barril de petróleo venezolano pierde esta semana 5,67 dólares
Etiquetas: 2008, AL, AMERICALATINA, CRISIS, ECONOMIA, FINANZAS, INTERNACIONAL, MATERIASPRIMAS, NOV08, PETROLEO, POLITICA, PRODUCCION, VENEZUELA
19 nov 2008
BOLSA:IGBVL 6 MONTHS, INVERTIA
Etiquetas: 2008, AL, AMERICALATINA, BOLSA, CRISIS, FINANZAS, INTERNACIONAL, NOV08, PERU
CHINA:HU JINTAO
Tomado del Diario La Republica de Peru
CON TODO EL PODER
Hu Jintao, de etnia Han, de 60 años, además de ser el presidente de la República Popular China ocupa los cargos políticos más importantes de su país: es secretario general del Comité Central del Partido Comunista de China, presidente de la Comisión Militar Central del PCCh y presidente de la Comisión Militar Central de la RPCh.
Además, estudió en la Facultad de Ingeniería Hidráulica de la Universidad Qinghua entre 1959 y 1964, donde comenzó su carrera política al convertirse en instructor.
Y así progresivamente fue ascendiendo.
Entre 1982 y 1984 se incorporó como miembro del secretariado del Comité Central de la Liga de la Juventud Comunista de China y Presidente de la Federación Nacional de Jóvenes de China. Luego asumió la responsabilidad de ser el Primer Secretario del Secretariado del Comité Central de la Liga de la Juventud Comunista de China.
Entre 1992 y 1998 se desempeñó como miembro del Comité Permanente del Buró Político y miembro del Secretariado del Comité Central del PCCh.
A partir del año 2002 asumió su actual cargo como secretario general del Comité Central.
A partir del año 2005, Hu Jintao se viene desempeñando como secretario general del Comité Central del PCCh, presidente de la RPCh, presidente de la Comisión Militar Central del PCCh y presidente de la Comisión Militar Central de la RPCh.
APEC: Hu Jintao
Hu Jintao llegará al Perú con 600 empresarios
23:12 | La visita del presidente de China Hu Jintao es considerada 'histórica' para el Perú debido a que se trata de la primera de un gobernante chino a nuestro país
(Andina).- El presidente de China, Hu Jintao, llegará a Lima acompañado de la más grande delegación que participará en el Foro de Cooperación Económica Asia Pacífico (APEC), informó Financial Times.
De acuerdo a la publicación, la delegación que acompañará a Jintao estará conformada por 12 ministros de Estado y casi 600 empresarios.
Se espera que durante la visita del líder chino, quien llegará mañana a Lima, se suscriba el Tratado de Libre Comercio con el Perú luego de que culminaran las rondas de negociaciones entre las dos partes.
La visita de Hu Jintao es considerada "histórica" para el Perú debido a que se trata de la primera visita de un gobernante chino en la historia.
Este medio de comunicación también destaca la opinión del presidente del Consejo Consultivo Empresarial de APEC, Juan Francisco Raffo, quien consider inevitable que China se convierta en el socio comercial número uno del Perú.
Asimismo, señala en su reporte, citando opinión de la ministra de Comercio, Mercedes Aráoz, que el acuerdo con China podría abrir nuevas oportunidades al Perú en agricultura e industria, además de proteger algunos sectores sensibles como el textil.
Etiquetas: 2008, AL, AMERICALATINA, APEC, CAN, CHINA, INTERNACIONAL, NOV08, PERU, POLITICA
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